The Ultimate Showdown: Geranium vs Pelargonium – Which is King?
What To Know
- Geraniums have symmetrical flowers with five petals arranged evenly, while pelargoniums have irregular flowers with a distinct upper and lower lip.
- Both species offer a wide range of colors, forms, and fragrances, adding beauty and charm to gardens and homes worldwide.
- Ultimately, the distinction between geranium and pelargonium is a matter of botanical accuracy.
The terms “geranium” and “pelargonium” are often used interchangeably, leading to confusion among gardeners and plant enthusiasts. While both belong to the same family, Geraniaceae, they are distinctly different species with unique characteristics. This article aims to clarify the distinction between geranium and pelargonium, helping you understand the true identity of your beloved flowering plants.
The Botanical Distinction
The key difference lies in their botanical classification. Geraniums belong to the genus *Geranium*, while **pelargoniums** belong to the genus *Pelargonium*. This seemingly subtle distinction has significant implications for their appearance, growth habits, and care requirements.
Understanding Geraniums
True geraniums, commonly known as cranesbills, are hardy perennials that thrive in temperate climates. They are characterized by their five-petaled, symmetrical flowers, often in shades of pink, purple, blue, or white. Their leaves are typically deeply lobed, resembling the beak of a crane, hence the name “cranesbill.”
Key Characteristics of Geraniums:
- Hardy perennials: They survive winter and return year after year.
- Symmetrical flowers: Five petals arranged in a symmetrical pattern.
- Deeply lobed leaves: Resembling a crane’s beak.
- Wide range of colors: Pink, purple, blue, white, and others.
Unveiling the Secrets of Pelargoniums
Pelargoniums, often referred to as “geraniums” in everyday language, are tender perennials that prefer warmer climates. They are known for their showy, irregular flowers, often in vibrant shades of red, pink, orange, and white. Their leaves can be deeply lobed or rounded, with some varieties exhibiting distinct fragrances.
Key Characteristics of Pelargoniums:
- Tender perennials: They are sensitive to frost and need protection in colder regions.
- Irregular flowers: Five petals, but not arranged symmetrically.
- Variety of leaf shapes: Deeply lobed, rounded, or with distinct fragrances.
- Vibrant colors: Red, pink, orange, white, and more.
The Confusion: Why the Misnomer?
The widespread use of “geranium” for pelargonium stems from historical and cultural factors. In the 17th century, when the first pelargoniums were introduced to Europe, they were initially classified as geraniums due to their similar appearance. This misclassification persisted for centuries, leading to the common use of “geranium” for both species.
Distinguishing Geraniums and Pelargoniums: A Practical Guide
Here are some practical tips to help you differentiate between geraniums and pelargoniums:
- Flower Shape: Geraniums have symmetrical flowers with five petals arranged evenly, while pelargoniums have irregular flowers with a distinct upper and lower lip.
- Leaf Shape: Geraniums typically have deeply lobed leaves resembling a crane’s beak, while pelargoniums can have deeply lobed, rounded, or fragrant leaves.
- Hardiness: Geraniums are hardy perennials that can withstand cold temperatures, while pelargoniums are tender perennials that require protection from frost.
Geranium vs Pelargonium: A Comparison Table
| Feature | Geranium | Pelargonium |
| — | — | — |
| Botanical Genus | *Geranium* | *Pelargonium* |
| Common Name | Cranesbill | Geranium (misnomer) |
| Hardiness | Hardy perennial | Tender perennial |
| Flower Shape | Symmetrical, five petals | Irregular, upper and lower lip |
| Leaf Shape | Deeply lobed, resembling a crane’s beak | Deeply lobed, rounded, or fragrant |
| Colors | Pink, purple, blue, white | Red, pink, orange, white |
Beyond the Confusion: Appreciating the Diversity
While the distinction between geraniums and pelargoniums might seem subtle, it highlights the remarkable diversity within the Geraniaceae family. Both species offer a wide range of colors, forms, and fragrances, adding beauty and charm to gardens and homes worldwide.
A Final Thought: Embracing the Beauty of Both
Ultimately, the distinction between geranium and pelargonium is a matter of botanical accuracy. Both species deserve appreciation for their unique beauty and contribution to the world of horticulture. Whether you call them “geraniums” or “pelargoniums,” these vibrant flowers continue to brighten our lives with their elegance and charm.
Basics You Wanted To Know
Q: Can I grow geraniums and pelargoniums together?
A: Yes, you can grow both geraniums and pelargoniums together, provided you consider their individual needs for light, water, and temperature.
Q: What is the best way to propagate geraniums and pelargoniums?
A: Both species can be easily propagated through cuttings. Take stem cuttings in spring or summer and root them in a moist potting mix.
Q: Are geraniums and pelargoniums toxic to pets?
A: While not severely toxic, both geraniums and pelargoniums can cause mild gastrointestinal upset in pets if ingested. Keep them out of reach of curious animals.
Q: What are some popular varieties of geraniums and pelargoniums?
A: Popular geranium varieties include *Geranium macrorrhizum* (Bigroot geranium) and *Geranium sanguineum* (Bloody cranesbill). Popular pelargonium varieties include *Pelargonium zonale* (Zonal geranium) and *Pelargonium peltatum* (Ivy geranium).